“Okwamanje, amabhizinisi okuthuthukisa insimbi yezwe lami ahlakazeke kakhulu.I-China kufanele yakhe amabhizinisi amakhulu amathathu kuya kwangu-4 ahamba phambili ngensimbi ukuze sikwazi ukugxilisa amandla ethu ekusunguleni izinto zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini eziluhlaza.”Ilungu leKomidi Likazwelonke Lengqungquthela Yezombangazwe Yabantu baseChina, iPhini likaSihlalo we-Anshan CPPCC uCui Lun uthe engxoxweni nentatheli yaseChina Metallurgical News.UCui Lun usebenze embonini yensimbi iminyaka eminingi futhi ukhathazeke kakhulu ngobuhlungu bokuthembela kakhulu kwezwe lami ezimayini zakwamanye amazwe ukuthola izinsiza zensimbi.Phakathi namaseshini amabili (Umhlangano wesine weNgqungquthela Yesithathu Kazwelonke Yabantu ye-People's Republic of China.), isiphakamiso asiletha sasihlobene nokwandisa isikali sokumbiwa kwensimbi yasekhaya.#Amaseshini AmabiliI-China Focus:
I-China iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elingenisa insimbi.Ngo-2020, i-iron ore yaseShayina engenisiwe yaba amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.170, futhi ukuthembela kwayo ku-iron ore yangaphandle kwafinyelela ku-80.4%.Ukungeniswa kwe-iron ore kuncike kakhulu e-Australia naseBrazil.“Imibono Eqondisayo Ekuthuthukiseni Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi Ephezulu Yemboni Yensimbi Neyensimbi (Okusalungiswa Ukuze Kuphawulwe)” ekhishwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka odlule igcizelele ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kochungechunge lwezimboni kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla kuye kwaphumela obala. ithuthukisiwe, futhi amandla okuvikela insimbi, i-manganese, i-chromium nezinye izinsiza ze-ore athuthukisiwe kakhulu.Izinga lasekhaya lokuziphilisa selifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-45%.UCui Lun ukholelwa ukuthi ukufezeka kwalo mgomo kuncike ekwandiseni isikali sezimayini zensimbi ezifuywayo."Uma izinkinga ezimbili zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuvikelwa kwezimboni embonini yensimbi yasekhaya zixazululwa, izithiyo ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi yasekhaya zizovulwa."
Muva nje, ngenxa yemiphumela ephakeme yezinto eziningi, intengo yensimbi yomhlaba wonke ikhuphuke kakhulu futhi ishintshashintsha kakhulu.Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lensimbi ephuma ngaphandle, ukuncika kanye nokugcwala okuphezulu kwabahlinzeki baphesheya kwezilwandle kuzothinta intuthuko enempilo yemboni yensimbi yasekhaya futhi Kubeke Engozini kakhulu ukuphepha kwezwe kanye nokuphepha kwezimboni, ukwandisa ukumbiwa kwemithombo yensimbi yasekhaya kuseduze.“Kusho uCui Lun.
Utshele izintatheli ukuthi mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwemithombo ye-iron ore yasekhaya, izindawo zokugcina i-Anshan iron ore zisezingeni lokuqala ezweni, nezinqolobane ezifakazelwe ezingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 kanye nezinqolobane ezizoba amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26, ezibalelwa ku-25% yenani eliphelele lezwe.Isamba sezimayini sesiyonke sesifinyelele amathani ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.5, okubalelwa ku-5.8% kuphela wesamba.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Ansteel Mining Company njengamanje ukuphela kwebhizinisi lemayini yensimbi ehamba phambili enochungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele ezweni lami.Inohlelo oluphelele lokumbiwa kwensimbi kanye nohlelo lokuhlomula olufana nokwakhiwa kwemayini yedijithali, ubuchwepheshe be-lean hematite beneficiation, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyisihluthulelo bezimayini ezingathandwa kakhulu neziluhlaza ezimayini zensimbi ezingaphansi komhlaba..Kungabonakala ukuthi i-Anshan inenzuzo yezimayini ezikhethwayo nezigxilile zemithombo yensimbi ngokwemibandela yemithombo yezinsiza kanye nezinqolobane zobuchwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke, uCui Lun ukholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu”, izinga lokumbiwa kwensimbi e-Anshan kufanele linyuswe, kuthathwe i-Anshan njengomshayeli wendiza, futhi kuthuthukiswe imboni yasekhaya yezwe lami ngokusungulwa kwezimali zokuvikela izimboni, intela. kanye nezindlela zokulungisa izimali ezikhokhwayo, kanye nezimayini eziluhlaza nezihlakaniphile.Ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yensimbi kuzosheshisa ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga ezihlobene nesiqinisekiso sensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze ukuhlinzekwa kwemithombo yensimbi yasekhaya, futhi kulwele ukugcina uzinzo nokuphepha kochungechunge lwezimboni kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
UCui Lun uphakamise ukuthi kukhuliswe isikali sokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yensimbi yezwe lami kusukela kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Sheshisa ukwakheka kwezinga eliphezulu kwezisetshenziswa zensimbi ngokombono wokuphepha kwezwe.
Kunconywa ukuthi ngokombono wokuphepha kwamasu kazwelonke kanye nokuvikeleka kwezimboni, ukuphepha kwemithombo yensimbi yezwe lami kufanele kuthuthukiswe kube isu likazwelonke, futhi “UHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu” kanye nezinhlelo zesikhathi esimaphakathi neside kufanele zikhishwe njenge ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukusekela ngamandla ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi yasekhaya kanye nokuthuthukisa insimbi yasekhaya.Amandla wokuqinisekisa insiza.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isekela i-Angang Mining kanye nezinye izinkampani zezimayini zasekhaya ezihamba phambili ukuthuthukisa ngamandla ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinqubo ezintsha kanye nemishini efana nokuhlola okuhle, izimayini eziphelele, ukusetshenziswa okunomsoco nokusetshenziswa kabusha, futhi kugxile ezimayini eziluhlaza, izimayini zedijithali, izimayini ezihlakaniphile, i-hematite beneficiation, insimbi engaphansi komhlaba Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe ezimayini eziluhlaza nezinye izici.
- Dala uhlelo lwezimayini oluluhlaza ngokombono wobuchwepheshe obuphambili.
Kunconywa ukuthi kuqalwe ngokombono wokonga izinsiza kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ezobungani nemvelo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka nokulimala kwezinsiza kanye nemvelo.Empeleni, yonke imiklamo esanda kusungulwa yokumba insimbi yensimbi isebenzisa amasu okumba ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi imayini yokuqala yomgodi ovulekile iyakhuthazwa ukuba iguqulwe ibe imayini engaphansi komhlaba.Ngaso leso sikhathi, khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kweProjekthi Yemayini Yensimbi yase-Anshan Chentaigou ukuze kuqaliswe ngokugcwele ukumba ngaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingubo zokugqoka, ubuchwepheshe bokugcwalisa i-tailings backfilling, futhi kusetshenziswe indlela yokugcwalisa izimayini ukuze kuqaliswe ukumba ngaphansi komhlaba ezimayini zasekhaya ezinkulu ezimnyama ezijulile, ukuze ukuze kungabi bikho ukuncipha komhlaba kanye nemisila Umqondo wezimayini oluhlaza we-Pai uqaphela izimayini eziluhlaza nezihlakaniphile futhi unciphisa ukulimala kwezintaba nezimila.
- Sungula indlela yokulungisa intela nezindleko ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.
“Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi yasekhaya, cishe amadola aseMelika angama-70 ngethani (izindleko zensimbi yensimbi yaphesheya zicishe zibe ama-dollar angama-32 ithani ngalinye), lapho intengo yensimbi iphezulu, izinkampani zasekhaya zinenani elikhulu. inzuzo.Kodwa-ke, lapho intengo yensimbi ihlala iphansi isikhathi eside, izinkampani ezifanele zizoba sesimweni sobunzima ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni isikhathi eside. "Kusho uCui Lun.
Kuze kube manje, uCui Lun uhlongoze ukuvikela ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwamabhizinisi ahlobene ngokumisa indlela yokulungiswa kwentela kanye nezindleko zemboni yensimbi yensimbi: indlela yokulungiswa kwentela nezindleko kumiswa kumazinga angu-4, futhi lapho intengo yensimbi ingaphezulu kuka-75 US dollars/ton, izintela nezindleko zizokhokhiswa ngokujwayelekile.;Uma ingaphansi kuka-US$75/ton, kodwa ingaphezulu kuka-US$60/thani, u-25% wezintela nezinkokhelo zizoncishiswa;uma ingaphansi kuka-US$60/thani, u-50% wezintela nezinkokhelo zizoncishiswa;uma ingaphansi kuka-US$50/thani, u-75% wezintela uzokwehliswa Izintela nezinkokhiso, futhi unikeze imalimboleko ethile enesaphulelo nezinye izinqubomgomo ezisekelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba kwemali okuzinzile nokusebenza nokukhiqiza okuzinzile.
- Sungula isikhwama sesikhwama sokuvikela imboni yezimayini yensimbi nokucutshungulwa ngokombono wokuvikela imboni.
Sungula isikhwama sokuvikela imboni yensimbi.Lapho izinkampani zensimbi ezifuywayo ziqhubeka nokulahlekelwa imali ngenxa yamanani aphansi ensimbi yensimbi, isikhwama sokuvikela imboni yensimbi singena ngesikhathi futhi samukela indlela "yokunxephezela ngobuningi" ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwenkampani.ezinzile.Izinga eliphansi kakhulu lika-US$50/ton elamukela indlela yokulungisa intela indawo yokusabela yokungenelela kwesikhwama sokuvikela.Uma intengo yensimbi ingaphansi kuka-US$50/ton, umthamo wangempela wokukhiqiza kanye nenani lensimbi ngosuku kuzosetshenziswa ukuxhasa insimbi yosuku Umehluko phakathi kwenani lensimbi kanye ne-US$50/ton;uma intengo yensimbi ingaphezulu kuka-US$80/ton, iphesenti elithile lizobuyiselwa ngamayunithi ethani kuzindleko ze-Industrial Protection Fund lapho intengo yensimbi ingaphansi kuka-US$50/ton.Isikhwama sokuvikeleka kwezimayini zensimbi nokulungisa imboni silinganisa imali engenayo kanye nezindleko.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-14-2021